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The Developer Partner You Can Trust for Amazon SP-API
As the e-commerce landscape continues to evolve, Inter-Soft reaffirms its commitment as a leading technology solutions provider with a specialised focus on Amazon's Seller Partner API (SP-API). With a dedicated team of experts, Inter-Soft proudly announces its status as a trusted Amazon SP-API developer partner, solidifying its position as an industry frontrunner in delivering innovative solutions for Amazon sellers.

Amazon, a global e-commerce giant, has been at the forefront of empowering businesses to thrive in the digital marketplace. With the introduction of SP-API, Amazon has provided developers with enhanced functionalities to create powerful tools that enable sellers to manage their businesses more efficiently.
Inter-Soft recognises the importance of SP-API in revolutionising the seller experience on Amazon. Leveraging our in-depth understanding and expertise in SP-API development, we are committed to delivering cutting-edge solutions that streamline processes, optimise workflows, and empower sellers to achieve their business goals seamlessly.

As an Amazon developer and SP-API specialist, Inter-Soft offers a comprehensive suite of services tailored to meet the diverse needs of Amazon sellers. From API integration and custom software development to SP-API troubleshooting and support, our team works tirelessly to ensure that sellers harness the full potential of Amazon's platform.
"We are thrilled to be recognised as a trusted Amazon SP-API developer partner," Said a spokesperson at Inter-Soft. "Our goal is to empower Amazon sellers with robust solutions that simplify operations and drive growth. With our expertise in SP-API development, we aim to be the catalyst for success in the ever-evolving e-commerce landscape."
At Inter-Soft, we prioritise collaboration, innovation, and client satisfaction. Our commitment to excellence and dedication to staying abreast of the latest advancements in SP-API technology set us apart as a reliable partner for Amazon sellers worldwide.
For more information about Inter-Soft's Amazon SP-API development services and how we can help elevate your Amazon selling experience, please visit our website at https://inter-soft.com/.
Inter-Soft is a leading technology solutions provider specialising in Amazon SP-API development. With a team of seasoned experts, Inter-Soft offers innovative solutions tailored to enhance the Amazon selling experience for businesses globally.
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In the ever-evolving landscape of e-commerce, businesses must stay agile and adapt to technological advancements. One such pivotal shift is the migration from Amazon's Marketplace Web Service (MWS) to the more modern and efficient Selling Partner API (SP-API).
#MWS to Amazon SP-API#Amazon Selling Partner API#mws to sp api migration steps#Hire Amazon SP-API Developers
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Essential Geospatial Data Analysis Tools
Geospatial data analysis is a crucial aspect of numerous fields such as environmental science, urban planning, and geography. Various tools facilitate the collection, processing, analysis, and visualization of geospatial data. Here are some essential geospatial data analysis tools:
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Software
ArcGIS: Developed by Esri, ArcGIS is a comprehensive and widely-used GIS software. It offers robust tools for mapping, spatial analysis, and data management. ArcGIS includes desktop applications (ArcMap, ArcGIS Pro), web-based solutions, and mobile apps.
QGIS: An open-source GIS software, QGIS provides a wide range of features for spatial data visualization, editing, and analysis. It’s highly extensible with plugins and supports various data formats.
GRASS GIS: Another powerful open-source GIS, GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) GIS is known for its advanced geospatial data management and analysis capabilities, especially in raster data processing.
Remote Sensing Tools
ENVI: A software platform for processing and analyzing geospatial imagery. ENVI is particularly useful for remote sensing applications and supports a wide array of data formats from various sensors.
Google Earth Engine: A cloud-based platform for planetary-scale environmental data analysis. Google Earth Engine provides access to a vast archive of satellite imagery and geospatial datasets and is widely used for environmental monitoring and research.
Data Analysis and Visualization Tools
GDAL (Geospatial Data Abstraction Library): An open-source library for reading and writing raster and vector geospatial data formats. GDAL is a fundamental tool for data translation and processing.
R (with spatial packages like rgdal, sp, raster): R is a programming language and environment commonly used for statistical computing and graphics. With packages like rgdal, sp, and raster, R becomes a powerful tool for geospatial data analysis and visualization.
Python (with libraries like GeoPandas, Shapely, Rasterio): Python is widely used in geospatial analysis due to its readability and extensive libraries. GeoPandas simplifies working with geospatial data, Shapely provides tools for geometric operations, and Rasterio is used for raster data manipulation.
Also Read: Understanding Consumer Behavior Trends in 2024
Web Mapping Tools
Leaflet: An open-source JavaScript library for interactive maps. Leaflet is lightweight and mobile-friendly, making it a popular choice for web mapping applications.
Mapbox: A platform for designing and publishing custom maps. Mapbox offers robust APIs and SDKs for integrating maps into web and mobile applications.
Database Management Systems
PostGIS: An extension of the PostgreSQL database, PostGIS adds support for geographic objects. It allows spatial queries to be run in SQL and is highly efficient for managing large spatial datasets.
Spatialite: An extension of the SQLite database, Spatialite provides support for spatial data. It’s lightweight and useful for applications where a full-scale spatial database like PostGIS isn’t necessary.
Workflow and Automation Tools
FME (Feature Manipulation Engine): A tool for data integration and automation, FME supports a vast range of data formats and helps automate the transformation and movement of geospatial data.
Kepler.gl: An open-source tool developed by Uber for large-scale geospatial data visualization. Kepler.gl is user-friendly and excels in handling and visualizing large datasets interactively.
These tools cover a broad spectrum of needs in geospatial data analysis, from data management and processing to advanced spatial analysis and interactive visualization. The choice of tools often depends on the specific requirements of the task, the scale of the data, and user expertise.
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What Is The Amazon Selling Partner Api?
The Amazon Selling Partner API is a collection of APIs that enable organizations to connect to Amazon’s selling platform. It provides real-time access to data. So that you can use it to build new apps, automate operations, and improve existing workflows. The SP API is intended to replace Amazon’s existing Marketplace Web Service (MWS) API more efficiently.
The Amazon Selling Partner API includes several APIs that offer different functionalities:
Vendor Retail Analytics API:This gives you access to information regarding a vendor’s sales performance, such as sales and inventory data.
Brand Analytics API: Provides Amazon retailers and sellers with information about their customers’ purchasing habits, such as search phrases and purchase behavior.
Seller Retail Analytics API:Provides Amazon sellers with insights into their performance, including sales and inventory data.
Seller Inventory API:Allows Amazon sellers to manage their inventory more efficiently and avoid stockouts.
Can my business access the SP-API?
Benefits of Selling Partner API
The Amazon Selling Partner API provides several benefits to businesses, including:
Real-time access to data: The API gives real-time data access, allowing firms to react swiftly to changes in sales performance and inventory levels.
Improved automation: Businesses can reduce labor costs and potential errors by automating processes such as inventory management, order fulfillment, and pricing adjustments.
Enhanced customer experience:Businesses can better understand their customers’ wants and preferences by acquiring data about their shopping behaviour and tailoring their services accordingly.
How to Start Using Selling Partner API?
To start using the Amazon Selling Partner API, businesses must first register as Amazon sellers or vendors and meet the eligibility requirements. They must also create an Amazon developer account and obtain API credentials. Once they have their credentials, they can use the APIs to access data and functionality from Amazon’s selling platform.
Continue Reading…
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Lupine Publishers | The Prevention and Treatment of Malaria in Traditional Medicine of Tetun Ethnic People in West Timor Indonesia

Abstract
Native people in West Timor Indonesia have been exposed to malaria since long time ago. Because of this experience, it is believed that this community has developed their local concept about malaria, and how to manage it. This research was intended to document and analyze local knowledge and practices of malaria prevention and treatment developed by Tetun ethnic people in West Timor. The research was a field study, conducted through some interviews, discussions and observations. The results of this study showed that this community has long been developing various methods to prevent and threat malaria. The prevention and treatment of malaria in traditional medicine of Tetun ethnic people consists of both herbal and non-herbal methods and supported by some prohibitions and restrictions. The results also showed that the practice of traditional medicine for prevention and treatment of malaria by Tetun ethnic people can be explained scientifically. Medicinal plants that widely used like Strychnos ligustrina, Carica papaya, Momordica sp., Cleome rutidosperma, Physalis angulata, Alstonia spectabilis, Alstonia scholaris and Melia azedarach have been proven to have antimalarial activities as anti-plasmodial, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant.
Keywords: Local Knowledge; Traditional Medicine; Malaria Prevention and Treatment; Tetun Ethnic; West Timor
Introduction
Traditional communities in ancient times developed their local knowledge about the prevention and treatment of a disease based on their experience interacting with the disease for a long time. This local knowledge was then become a guidance for them to establish strategies to prevent and treat the disease, which were practiced widely in the community, and become their traditional medicine [1,2]. Traditional medicine is a term imposed on pre-scientific medical systems, and defines as a sum total of knowledge, skills and practices based on theories, beliefs and experiences of different cultural customs used in health care, disease prevention and increased physical and mental performance, which have been used for generations from one generation to the next [3,4]. Malaria is an ancient disease that has not been fully eradicated until this time [5]. Since long time ago, malaria was the main infectious disease that often attacks Timorese people, especially in Belu and Malaka Districts in West Timor (Indonesia). Several old manuscripts noted that Timorese people in early of 19th century were suffered from malaria which caused many deaths [6,7]. Until this time, Belu and Malaka Districts are still hyper-endemic areas of malaria. According to the Global Fund report, in 2014, Belu and Malaka Districts were classified as high malaria endemic areas, with the Annual Parasite Insidence (API) of 12.87o/oo and 11.58o/oo respectively, higher than Indonesian average API 1.38o/oo. Various programs for malaria prevention and eradication sponsored by the Indonesian Ministry of Health and World Health Organization such as insecticide-impregnated net, fogging, mass blood survey for early diagnosis and prompt treatment, and treat malaria patient using Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) have been implemented, but decreasing of the API value is still not too convincing [8]. Cultural factors that influence public attitudes and acceptance on the programs of prevention and treatment of malaria are estimated to be one of the obstacles to the success of these programs. The implementation of various disease control programs and strategies often faces major challenges stemming from the social and cultural situation of the community. The social and cultural situation of a community in a particular place can negatively influence the choice, acceptance and use of interventions in disease control. Many programs of disease control and eradication are unsuccessful because of these social and cultural barriers. Therefore, it is very necessary to understand the local knowledge of the community, including an understanding of the health-illness concept that they believe in. An understanding of this can help policy makers in designing a sustainable and more effective disease control programs [9]. The Tetun ethnic is one of native communities that inhabit territories from the central part of Timor island (in Belu and Malaka districts, Indonesia) to the east (in Republic Democratic de Timor Lester, RDTL). Tetun people are still using traditional medicines to date, and often running various traditional medication rituals [10]. Because of their long-time interaction with malaria, it should be assumed that they have developed their own local knowledge about malaria and methods to prevent and treat it. Therefore, this research was intended to study the local knowledge of the Tetun ethnic people regarding malaria and the methods they have developed for the prevention and treatment of this disease.
Introduction
Study Design
This study is a kind of research in the field of medical anthropology. This study was conducted as a qualitative exploratory research, with a field study as main technique, supported by a literature study.
Profile of Study Site and People
This research was conducted in Belu and Malaka Districts located in the central part of Timor island. These areas are located at 9°15’ S-9°34’ S and 124°40’ E-124°54’ E. Belu and Malaka are two of Indonesian territories that border directly with the Republic Democratic Timor Leste (RDTL). The topography of Belu Districts is mainly hilly, while Malaka is generally a stretch of flat land. Some areas of Malaka at the south part meet the rainy season twice in a year, while the areas of north part and also Belu areas are only have one rainy season. The main rainy season takes place between November-March due to wind that brings rain from the Indonesian Ocean. This rain occurs evenly in Malaka and Belu regions. The additional rainy season in April-June, which is limited in some areas of Malaka, is affected by wind from Australia that carries moisture from the Timor Sea. Based on the ethnolinguistics, there are four indigenous ethnic groups that live in Belu and Malaka Districts, namely Tetun, Dawan, Kemak, and Bunaq (Marae). Tetun ethnic is the majority ethnic group in Belu and Malaka, consists of approximately 80% of the population. They scaterred in almost all sub-districts of Belu and Malaka [11].
The Informants
The informants of this study were people of Tetun ethnic who have lived for long time in Belu or Malaka Districts. They were people with good knowledge and experiences of traditional medicine practices. The informants were selected through the purpossive and snowball tehniques. A total of 94 informants (42 men and 52 women) with the age of 40-90 years old were involved in this study. They came from 15 vilages of five sub-districts in Malaka (Wewiku, Malaka Barat, Weliman, Malaka Tengah and Kobalima Timur Subdistricts), and 14 vilages of ten sub-districts in Belu (Raimanuk, Tasifeto Barat, Nanaet Duabesi, Tasifeto Timur, Lasiolat, Raihat, Lamaknen, Kakuluk Mesak, Atambua Barat and Atambua Selatan Sub-districts). These informants consist of traditional public healers, home healers, and traditional medicine users.
Data Collection
Data were collected through several interviews, discussions, and observation. Interviews were conducted with a semi-structured questionnaire. Interviews were intended to collect informations about local knowledge on health-illness concept, symptoms, signs and causes of malaria, traditional methods for the prevention and treatment of malaria, and medicinal plants used for the prevention and treatment of malaria. More deep questions were developed spontaneously based on the answers given by the informants to the previous questions. Interviews and discussions were conducted in Tetun (local language) and Indonesian. We recorded the contents of every interview by wrote a detailed essence of the conversation, but not fully word by word. Several interviews were recorded with audio and video recorder. In this field study, we were assisted by several local guides to search for informants, accompanied in the interviews, to interpreted specific local terms that strange for us, and help us to search, document and collect plant specimens. All plants mentioned by informants were collected in-situ and documented by making photographs and herbaria for taxonomic identification. This field study was conducted from April 2017 to December 2017.
Data Analysis
Data obtained from interviews, discussions and observations were analyzed qualitatively, and presented in narrative or qualitative descriptions [12]. The steps of qualitative analysis are as follows:
a) Transcription of data: first of all, the interview data, discussions and field observation records were well-transcribed in a neat text.
b) Data reduction: transcripts were analyzed to marked meaningful parts, and then grouped based on the same characteristics into certain categories, i.e. the local knowledge about health-illness, local concepts about malaria, methods for the prevention and treatment of malaria, and plants used for the prevention and treatment of malaria.
c) Presentation of data: data that has been grouped were arranged regularly according to each category to make them easy to understand. Data of plants used in malaria prevention and treatment were presented in a table.
d) Verification and conclusion: determined the meaning of the data presented.
Results and Discussion
Local Concepts about Health-Illness
The concept of health and illness in Tetun community is very simple. Tetun people define health as a condition of normal, good and not sick. Illness is interpreted as a condition in which someone feels unwell or sick or has a disease in the body. Tetun traditional people state a condition as health or ill by seeing physical signs. A person is said to be health if he/she looks physically strong, fresh, agile, has a bright face and good appetite; and vice versa, if the physical performance seems weak, lethargic, pale face, lack of appetite, then the person is said to be sick or has an illness in the body. Someone is said to have recovered from illness when showing physical signs such as being able to get up, not feel dizzy anymore, being able to walk quickly and to work again, and his/her appetite is back and improved. The concept of Tetun people about health and illness is also associated with the ability to carry out daily life activities. Someone who is still able to work or move without feeling bad or pain in his body, then that person is not said to be sick. People who are clinically suffering from a certain disease but not feel sick and still able to carry out daily activities without being disturbed by the disease, then that person is not considered sick. WHO and Indonesian Ministry of Health define health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity [13]. Comparing the concept of health according to Tetun people’s understanding with this official definition, it can be concluded that the concept of health of Tetun ethnic people is inadequate to describes whole condition called health, because for this community, health and illness are more related to physical performance than psychological and social performance.
Local Concept about Symptoms and Signs, and Causes of Malaria
The indigenous people of Tetun know malaria as is in mana’s (hot body, fever) with primary signs and symptoms are high fever, shivering, intermittent fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, pale, yellow eyes, and abdominal pain and/or diarrhea. Many informants did not know that swollen spleen (splenomegaly) is also one of the signs of malaria that is already severe, but they assumed that the swollen spleen can cause fever (they say “malaria”). In general, almost all the informants assumed that malaria is a common, mild and not serious disease, only a sick of hot body or fever. This local concept seems to greatly influences people’s perceptions of the danger of malaria and result in reduction of their alertness on malaria and the seriousness of managing this disease. In the local knowledge of Tetun ethnic people, the causes of malaria are: sweet food and drink, chilled, sunburn, fatigue, presence of other disease in the body, magic, cold food and drink, lack of sleep, inadequate post-natal care, spicy food, alcohol, and oily or fatty food. Tetun ethnic people assumed that sweet food and drink, sunburn, magic, spicy food, alcohol, and oily or fatty food cause an excessive heat in the body, and as a result, someone will get high fever malaria. Chilled, cold food and drink, lack of sleep is assumed to cause cold entering the body, and as the result, someone will get shivering malaria. The fatigue, presence of other disease in the body and inadequate post-natal care for mother and infant are assumed to destroy the equilibrium of hot and cold in the body and result in malaria with high fever and/or shivering. According to some informants, mosquito as malaria transmitter was a new knowledge that coming from outside, introduced by the Catholic missionaries from Europe. According to Foster dichotomous on causes of disease [14], the causes of malaria in the local concept of Tetun people are naturalistic, not personalistic. Factors such as sweet foods or drinks, long time in rain, water or cold places, long working under the hot sun, fatigue and the presence of other diseases in the body are naturalistic properties that cause heat-cold balance in the human body to be disrupted, and then causes someone to get malaria. Many Tetun people do not consider mosquito as carrier of malaria, causing them to have low awareness of the threat of mosquitoes. This may be one of the causes of the still high endemic of malaria in Belu and Malaka until this time [15].
Methods for The Prevention and Treatment of Malaria
The Tetun ethnic people have their own patterns or habits of life that they do for generations to prevent malaria attacks. The methods that are considered effective in preventing attacks of malaria are: luli or hale’u, drink medicinal concoction of bitter herbs, eat bitter food, and drink tua moruk. Luli or hale’u means avoiding things that can cause malaria (according to their local concepts about the cause of malaria), which are: not eating sweets frequently, not working for long time under the rain or hot sun, and not too tired at work or physical activities. Eating bitter foods, especially papaya and bitter melon, and drinking bitter palm sap tua moruk are also considered effective to prevent someone from being attacked by malaria. Some informants who previously linked malaria with mosquitoes stated that repelling mosquitoes using smoke of burned aromatic plants and sleeping under mosquito nets are effective for malaria prevention. The treatment of malaria in traditional medicine of Tetun ethnic consists of herbal and non-herbal methods. Herbal method consists of drinking herbal concoction, inhaling the vapor of boiled medicinal plant, massage with paste of medicinal plant, bath with water of boiled medicinal plant, and attach the paste of medicinal plant as a cataplasm on the swollen spleen. A non-herbal method is sunu kok, that is burning the waist above the swollen spleen using a piece of coconut shell coal or a heated metal. The results of the interviews showed that most traditional medication for malarial patient usually combine two or more methods. It was found also that the role of traditional healer in the treatment of malaria patient is not so important. Tetun ethnic people assumed that malaria is a common and not a serious disease, thus the treatment of malaria does not require a high competency healer. Several informants stated that they usually conducted self- and home-medication for malaria complaint. In the traditional medicine of Tetun ethnic people, the treatment of malaria is a simple treatment for reducing heat or fever [15]. The assumption of malaria as a common, mild and not a serious disease results in lack of awareness about dangers of malaria. It was found that in many cases, health workers often complain of disobedience of patients who stop taking antimalarial drugs immediately after they feel cured (being able to get up, not feel dizzy anymore, being able to work again, and the appetite is improved), even though Plasmodium in their blood has not been completely eliminated. As the result, the success of the malaria eradication program in this area has increased very slowly [8].
Plants Used for The Prevention of Malaria
Tetun ethnic people believe that consumption of bitter food or drink can prevent someone from malaria attacks. Therefore, small children are often forced by their parents to eat stew and drink decoctions of flowers, leaves and young fruit of Carica papaya, or young fruit of Momordica sp. (M. charantia or M. balsamina). Some informants gave information that if they feel tired, achy and lack of appetite, they will drink decoction of Carica papaya leaves, fruit of Momordica charantia, Melia azadarach leaves, Alstonia scholaris, Alstonia spectabilis or Strychnos ligustrina stem bark. Consumption of these plants’ decoction is believed to restoring body freshness, increasing appetite, eliminating fatigue, and thus, preventing from malaria attack. Some informants also believed that drinking tua moruk is effective in malaria preventon. Tua moruk is a traditional drink made by fresh tapped palm sap soaked with the stem bark of Alstonia scholaris, Alstonia spectabilis or Strychnos ligustrina soaked in it. Several publications of other previous studies showed that the bitter plants used by Tetun people to prevent malaria has been shown to have pharmacological activities as antiplasmodium and immunostimulant [16-18].
Plants Used for The Treatment of Malaria
In this study, we recorded a total of 96 species from 39 families used by Tetun people in various formula for drink, massage, bath, inhalation and cataplasm (Table 1). Strychnos ligustrina, Carica papaya, Cleome rutidosperma, Physalis angulata, Alstonia spectabilis, Alstonia scholaris and Melia azedarach are some of the most widely plants used in various formula for drink. For massage, Garuga floribunda, Jatropha curcas, Acorus calamus, Allium cepa, Drynaria quercifolia, Ocimum sp. and Ruta graveolens are common. For bathing, people use Tamarindus indica, Psidium guajava, Melicope latifolia and Blumea balsamifera. Leaves of Brucea javanica, Annona muricata and Annona reticulata are used in inhalation method. Root of Moringa oleifera and leaves of Ficus hispida are used as cataplasm to reduce the swollen spleen [19]. Several plants were found in various formula for more than one mode of application. Several previous publications showed that most of these plants are also used in other traditional medicine for the same purpose in many areas of Indonesia and the world [16,18], and have been scientifically proven to have pharmacological activities as true antimalarial (antiplasmodial) and/or indirect antimalarial such as antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant [20].
Table 1: Plants used by Tetum ethnic people for the treatment of malaria.
Conclusion
The practice of preventing and treating malaria in the traditional medicine of Tetun ethnic people is a direct implementation of their local knowledge about malaria. The local concept of signs and symptoms and the causes of malaria encourage traditional people to create methods to prevent and treat malaria. The local concept of the Tetun ethnic people about malaria is the main reference in the creation of rules regarding prohibitions and restrictions, and recommendations for preventing attacks of malaria. The local concept of the causes of malaria determines the choice of plants for the treatment of malaria. Scientifically, these plants have been proven to have activities as true antimalarial and indirect antimalarial. The local concept of malaria as a common, mild and harmless disease causes that the role of traditional healer is not always needed in the treatment of malaria. Methods for the prevention and treatment of malaria developed by Tetun ethnic people consist of both herbal and non-herbal methods and supported by the implementation of several prohibitions and restrictions to provide healing for the sufferers of malaria.
Acknowledgement
We thank to Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, for financial support (Research Contract No. 0668/K8/KM/2018).
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What Makes React.JS the Perfect Choice for Enterprise-Level Application Development in 2023?

The ecosystem for front-end development is constantly evolving, with new features, tools, and functionalities being introduced every day. This also applies to the process of selecting the appropriate framework or library for an enterprise project, as upgrades are constantly made available.
However, it can be challenging to navigate two different options simultaneously, and it is often necessary to choose one and proceed accordingly. This also applies to technology, where Angular is typically the default and popular choice for business owners and developers when comparing Angular vs. React for enterprise application development. Nevertheless, React.JS has gained widespread popularity within the front-end community and has also become a preferred option for enterprise owners.
React.JS has been immensely popular in the app development industry since its inception, and its versatility is one of the key factors behind its success. As a result, approximately 68.9% of developers are using this library to their advantage and are satisfied with their progress. Therefore, whether it’s for web or mobile app development, React.JS is the ideal choice for rapidly creating impactful content
Where Does React.js Stand in 2023?
As of 2023, ReactJS is a popular web framework among developers, ranked second according to a Statista report with a usage rate of 42.62%.
An impressive 2,000,000 websites have utilised the React library to create their web applications.
To further emphasize React’s popularity, it boasts 200k stars on GitHub and is used by approximately 11,490,655 live websites.
These statistics indicate the significant impact and widespread adoption of React in the web development community.
What Makes React.js the First Choice for Tech Giants? All hail ReactJS.
React.js is widely used for enterprise application architecture due to its scalability, stability, and rich set of features. Numerous major brands have adopted React for their applications. Let’s explore some of the popular applications that have been developed using React.

Facebook: It’s not unexpected that Facebook has opted to use React, considering that React was created and is presently maintained by Facebook.
Instagram: Instagram, which is owned by Facebook, uses ReactJS and React Native platforms for their web and mobile applications, respectively. Although ReactJS and React Native may sound similar in name, there is a distinction between the two technologies: ReactJS is primarily used for web development, while React Native is mainly used for mobile app development.
Netflix: Netflix also uses ReactJS to enhance the runtime performance, modularity, and load time of their application.
There are other big brands like Dropbox, Khan Academy, WhatsApp Web, and many more that use the React library as their primary source.
React.JS provides various solutions.
Developers can use React.js to create and offer a wide range of solutions, such as eCommerce web development and enterprise software development. At Meghsundar Pvt Ltd we leverage the features and functionalities of React.js to provide customized solutions to our clients based on their specific requirements. As an experienced ReactJS development company.
Here are some of the common solutions that we have provided using React.js.

Enterprise App Development
React.js component-based architecture allows developers to break down large projects into smaller UI components, making them easier to manage and maintain. This is why large companies such as Airbnb and Walmart utilise React.js as part of their application development stacks.
eCommerce Web Development
An eCommerce website typically includes various functionalities, such as advanced search, APIs, and filters. ReactJs is a tool that allows programmers to incorporate these functionalities into their applications, leading to smooth business processes.
Single Page Application (SPA)
When discussing single-page applications (SPAs), ReactJs is often mentioned as one of the technology stacks for SPAs. SPAs enable users to interact with data from the server without the need to reload a page.
Online messaging and social media apps
Social media platforms and online messaging apps are examples of single-page applications. Popular apps like Instagram and Facebook utilise ReactJS to provide a better user experience.
Data Visualisation Dashboard
ReactJs provides developers with a wide range of tools to build functional and intuitive dashboards for data visualization.
Why is React JS better for enterprise app development?
There was a time when web development frameworks like Django, jQuery, Express JS, RoR, Spring, and others were the preferred choice of developers for web application development, and they are still widely used today.
However, React.JS has revolutionized the process of creating web applications, offering advantages such as faster development speed, greater flexibility, improved web app performance, enhanced usability, and more. As a result, React JS has become a popular choice for application development.
In this context, we have compiled a list of the top benefits of React.JS for web app development, which can help you understand why React.JS is a superior choice for enterprise application development.

Flexible Framework
ReactJS stands out from other frameworks due to its flexibility. It is a highly adaptable framework that developers can mould according to their needs or project requirements.
ReactJS has relatively simple source code, which helps maintain the flexibility of enterprise applications. This flexibility saves businesses time and money in application development.
Reusable Components
Our ReactJS developers understand that using ReactJS for enterprise app development enables component reusability. This means that developers can build new features in the web application without having to write the entire codebase from scratch.
By utilizing basic or generic components, developers can easily create new features without any extra time or effort. Additionally, any changes made to one component will not affect the other features used by that component, as each component is stored separately from the others.
Simple Learning Curve
The learning curve for programming with ReactJS is relatively low compared to some of its competitors. The simplicity and ease of understanding make it accessible for new developers to quickly grasp and utilize the technology effectively. Developers with a basic understanding of JavaScript and its concepts can easily work with ReactJS to build enterprise applications.
Due to its simplicity and transparency, ReactJS is a viable solution for enterprise development. It is also easy for developers to gain hands-on experience with ReactJS, as it does not have multiple complex components.
Enterprise App Scalability
Enterprises require applications that are easy to use and can handle large amounts of data, updates, and users without errors. ReactJS is known for providing scalability to applications, making them more efficient and flexible.
With ReactJS, it is easy to scale the design, structure, and code management of a project. This architecture allows applications to remain scalable even when adding or removing components or modifying the enterprise app. This scalability ensures that the application can handle any future growth and usage.
Reliable Development Tools
Having reliable tools for building and debugging an application is crucial for software development. These tools aid both developers and users in integrating and utilising cutting-edge features, respectively.
Numerous development, design, and debugging tools are accessible for creating React JS applications, and all of them can be accessed for free online. Additionally, extensions for these tools are also available, allowing developers to seamlessly add them to their Google Chrome and Firefox browsers.
Consequently, the development team has the ability to examine the structures produced in the virtual Document Object Model (DOM) and it also empowers them to separate and enhance the capabilities of a particular component.
Support for Hybrid App Development
ReactJS offers support for hybrid app development, which is one of its major benefits in today’s competitive era. Developing an application that runs on both Android and iOS platforms is not easy for developers, and maintaining them using different frameworks can become a tedious task. However, with ReactJS development services, developers can easily build an app using one common platform, providing a seamless user experience.
Cross-platform applications have the potential to reach a large audience, which can lead to positive word-of-mouth publicity for the app. To take advantage of this benefit, businesses can hire expert ReactJS developers or partner with a React.JS development company like Meghsundar, which has vast industry experience and knowledge of Native UI and APIs.
SEO-Friendly Framework
Search engine optimisation (SEO) is crucial for achieving a higher ranking on search engines. If a framework or platform cannot support search engine algorithms, enterprises are less likely to use it in the long run. Fortunately, ReactJS is SEO-friendly.
ReactJS can help decrease page loading speed, which is essential for app ranking. Additionally, ReactJS can work effectively with Node on the server, making it more supportive of SEO services compared to other frameworks. This is an advantage for enterprise application development as it can improve the visibility of the app and attract more users.
Suited for the Long Run
ReactJS development is a future-proof solution for enterprises, as it provides advantages in the long run. Many enterprises only focus on the current market and do not give importance to making their applications future-proof in a changing business environment.
ReactJS programming enables faster app development with its flexibility, agility, and speed, making it a viable option for future development.
In conclusion, ReactJS development is the best choice for those seeking a reliable and long-term framework for their enterprise application development needs.
Unidirectional Data Flow
ReactJS offers the advantage of unidirectional or one-way data flow, which simplifies the data management process for developers. With this feature, developers can easily transfer and change data values using HTML flags.
ReactJS is an ideal choice for building complex enterprise applications, which require handling many complicated features. To address such requirements, ReactJS has a callback or rollback feature that allows for extra flexibility.
The unidirectional data flow in ReactJS enables the easy migration of app data from parent components to child components and vice versa, including updates made from child components to parent components.
The top practices in development that our developers Follow For enterprise React.JS applications
At Meghsundar Pvt. Ltd When we hire experienced ReactJS developers, we ensure that they are knowledgeable about the best practices for building scalable React.js applications.
As a versatile ReactJS app development company, we have identified and implemented these development practices in numerous projects.
We are committed to following these practices in order to meet the needs and requirements of our users.
Properly organizing your files is important.
To ensure a logical order in your files, it is essential to organize them properly. Our developers recommend using create-react-app to build React applications, as it facilitates the creation of new projects or editing of existing ones in a structured manner.
This makes it simpler to extract and modify the code of specific folders.
Separating logic from UI components is important.
One of the key development practices recommended by our developers is to separate business logic from UI components. This approach enables easy testing and reuse of components while also minimizing duplication.
To implement this, two construction components are necessary: the form and its associated UI. This approach enables the decoupling of the UI component from the underlying business logic.
To implement this approach, the required files are located in the Form component, while the UI files are in other folders. The Bit platform can be used to manage the collection.
Using modern tools is crucial for scalability.
Our developers recommend using valuable tools rather than trying to adapt too many. To guarantee expandability in your React application, you might want to take into account utilizing tools such as ESLint, Prettier, and established libraries such as React Hook Form, React Router, and date-fns.
Performing comprehensive testing from the outset is important.
Some developers may consider it unnecessary to implement automated testing at the start of the software development lifecycle. However, at Meghsundar, our developers strongly discourage this approach.
We believe that implementing testing from the outset of the development process is crucial. This enables us to identify any bugs early on and make the app error-free as the codebase grows.
What are the reasons for outsourcing your React app development project to Meghsundar Pvt Ltd?
If you have a complex project that requires expertise in the ReactJS framework, it would be wise to outsource it to a versatile development company like Meghsundar Pvt. Ltd.
Our team has extensive experience in developing large-scale enterprise applications that can help drive your business towards success.
Here are some of the reasons why Meghsundar is a strong choice for outsourcing your software development needs.
Experienced Development Teams
When you outsource your React app development project to Meghusndar Pvt Ltd, you gain access to a wider talent pool that includes ReactJS programmers, QA experts, project managers, and UI/UX designers.
You can choose a skilled development team based on your specific criteria and enjoy cost-effective solutions with a hassle-free process.
Furthermore, we offer the option to recruit your own development team using our flexible engagement model. This can help fill any talent gaps in your team and accelerate development.
Cost-Effective Solutions
Building a team on your premises with state-of-the-art infrastructure can be quite expensive, as you need to manage everything from recruiting the team to managing and maintaining it.
Alternatively, recruiting an external team is a budget-friendly choice. You don’t have to worry about providing them with extra employee benefits. Additionally, you can easily scale your team as per the project requirements.
On-Time Delivery
In order to stay ahead of the competition, it is crucial to build feature-rich applications. Additionally, the app must be launched within a given time frame and integrate all the necessary features.
Our developers understand the demands of the market and work accordingly to deliver your project within the given timeframe. Our development process is divided into various timelines, making it easier for us to deliver ReactJS enterprise applications on time.
In conclusion
React.JS is one of the most powerful and comprehensive libraries for building web and mobile applications that cater to enterprise objectives. However, ReactJS can truly shine as a potential technology when managed by highly skilled React.js developers.
Partnering with a prominent React JS development company like Meghsundar Pvt. Ltd. can provide you with a wide range of services that add value to your business application and help you become an industry leader. So, if you have any enterprise app ideas, consider outsourcing them to our React.js software engineers.
We offer long-term partnerships and will build a scalable React enterprise application that meets your expectations. You can trust us to deliver high-quality solutions that help your business thrive.
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SAP BPM Tools List
SAP BPM tool offers a unique, flexible and fast experience for designing your processes. The process modeling tool uses a drag and drop functionality, making it easy to create a process in a short time. In addition, the tool supports asynchronous data sharing and triggering of sub processes.
Using the BPM Public API, you can build a custom UI. You can then connect the UI with BPM. However, this option requires server side rendering. It also translates XSD into OData conform representation.
SAP NetWeaver 7.3 EHP1 SP 09 adds an official REST service that exposes exposed data in a uniform way. This service is designed to accelerate development of desktop and mobile applications.
The BPM OData Service provides an easy way to access the functionalities of the BPM Public API. It supports CSRF protection. Using this service, you can implement a custom UI based on the latest web technology.

To get started with the OData Service, you must know the hostname and port of the server. If you do not pass this information, the response format will change. Also, you must have knowledge of the type of input data used in your BPM task.
For example, a running sample demonstrates the use of primitive types, such as Customer. It also shows how the BPM OData Service can be integrated with the SAPUI5 UI controls.
You can find the Process Observer component in the Business Suite Foundation. It allows you to monitor and detect gaps in material planning.
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Yourkit java profiler 8.0

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Servicenow service portal bundle

Do not use a variable set which contains variables that has the same name as the variable set name 3. The bundle includes widgets and applications that allow you to target. It has a unique way for naming its versions. ServiceNow is an American based company and was founded in 2004 by Fred Luddy. However, it is highly customisable and also can be used for other purposes. spUtil: Contains utility methods to perform common functions in a Service Portal widget client script.Access the methods from this class using spUtil.For example, spUtil.addErrorMessage(). We create custom ServiceNow service portals that enable employees to flourish and. ServiceNow is a cloud based platform, which was mainly developed for workflow and process automation as per the ITIL principles. Employee Self Service Portal and Catalog Employee Self Service Portal and Catalog. You would need to define a 'url suffix' that would be unique for each portal. Service Portal has an API known as the Widget API.The Widget API contains classes for both client-side and server-side scripting. The exclusive source for Now Certified enterprise workflow apps from ISV partners that complement and extend ServiceNow. The entitlements and use rights for the Subscription Products ordered by Customer in the applicable Order Form and effective as of the date of Customer’s signature on such Order Form are set forth below. Check the Visible on Guides value true/false 2. Thirdera is looking for highly skilled ServiceNow Developer with experience in Service Portal to join our Latam team What isThirdera Thirdera is a global services provider that uses ServiceNow to help enterprises unlock their business and customer workflows in the cloud through digitization and automation. You would create records for each one and customize as required - they would all inherit the base SP config to start.

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The Amazon Selling Partner API (SP-API) is a powerful tool that helps third-party developers integrate with Amazon's massive ecommerce platform. With SP-API and Amazon Selling Partner API Development, developers can build applications and services that leverage Amazon's product data, order management system, and more.
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Best IT Training Courses and Development in Bhubaneswar - seeree servises pvt ltd.
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What is the Amazon Seller Central API? Can I access it?
As the world's largest online retailer, Amazon provides a platform for millions of sellers to reach customers around the world. To help sellers manage their accounts and listings, Amazon offers a suite of APIs, including the Amazon Seller Central API and the newer Amazon Selling Partner API (SP API). In this blog, we'll take a closer look at these APIs and how you can access them.
What is the Amazon Seller Central API?
The Amazon Seller Central API is a legacy set of APIs that allows sellers to access and manage their Amazon seller accounts programmatically. With the Amazon Seller Central API, sellers can perform a range of tasks, such as managing orders, inventory, and listings, retrieving reports, and more.
To use the Amazon Seller Central API, sellers need to be registered on Amazon and have a Professional Selling Plan. They also need to apply for access to the API through the Amazon Developer Services portal and follow Amazon's guidelines and requirements for using the API.

What is the Amazon Selling Partner API?
The Amazon Selling Partner API (SP API) is a more recent set of APIs that provide access to Amazon selling data, functionality, and tools. The SP API is designed to replace the Amazon Marketplace Web Service (MWS) and offers several advantages over the legacy API, including a more modern architecture, improved performance, and expanded functionality.
The Amazon Selling Partner API includes a range of modules, such as Orders, Reports, Fulfillment, and Catalog Items. These modules allow sellers to manage their orders, inventory,and listings, retrieve reports, and more, all through a single, unified API.
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Lupine Publishers | The Prevention and Treatment of Malaria in Traditional Medicine of Tetun Ethnic People in West Timor Indonesia

Abstract
Native people in West Timor Indonesia have been exposed to malaria since long time ago. Because of this experience, it is believed that this community has developed their local concept about malaria, and how to manage it. This research was intended to document and analyze local knowledge and practices of malaria prevention and treatment developed by Tetun ethnic people in West Timor. The research was a field study, conducted through some interviews, discussions and observations. The results of this study showed that this community has long been developing various methods to prevent and threat malaria. The prevention and treatment of malaria in traditional medicine of Tetun ethnic people consists of both herbal and non-herbal methods and supported by some prohibitions and restrictions. The results also showed that the practice of traditional medicine for prevention and treatment of malaria by Tetun ethnic people can be explained scientifically. Medicinal plants that widely used like Strychnos ligustrina, Carica papaya, Momordica sp., Cleome rutidosperma, Physalis angulata, Alstonia spectabilis, Alstonia scholaris and Melia azedarach have been proven to have antimalarial activities as anti-plasmodial, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant.
Keywords: Local Knowledge; Traditional Medicine; Malaria Prevention and Treatment; Tetun Ethnic; West Timor
Introduction
Traditional communities in ancient times developed their local knowledge about the prevention and treatment of a disease based on their experience interacting with the disease for a long time. This local knowledge was then become a guidance for them to establish strategies to prevent and treat the disease, which were practiced widely in the community, and become their traditional medicine [1,2]. Traditional medicine is a term imposed on pre-scientific medical systems, and defines as a sum total of knowledge, skills and practices based on theories, beliefs and experiences of different cultural customs used in health care, disease prevention and increased physical and mental performance, which have been used for generations from one generation to the next [3,4]. Malaria is an ancient disease that has not been fully eradicated until this time [5]. Since long time ago, malaria was the main infectious disease that often attacks Timorese people, especially in Belu and Malaka Districts in West Timor (Indonesia). Several old manuscripts noted that Timorese people in early of 19th century were suffered from malaria which caused many deaths [6,7]. Until this time, Belu and Malaka Districts are still hyper-endemic areas of malaria. According to the Global Fund report, in 2014, Belu and Malaka Districts were classified as high malaria endemic areas, with the Annual Parasite Insidence (API) of 12.87o/oo and 11.58o/oo respectively, higher than Indonesian average API 1.38o/oo. Various programs for malaria prevention and eradication sponsored by the Indonesian Ministry of Health and World Health Organization such as insecticide-impregnated net, fogging, mass blood survey for early diagnosis and prompt treatment, and treat malaria patient using Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) have been implemented, but decreasing of the API value is still not too convincing [8]. Cultural factors that influence public attitudes and acceptance on the programs of prevention and treatment of malaria are estimated to be one of the obstacles to the success of these programs. The implementation of various disease control programs and strategies often faces major challenges stemming from the social and cultural situation of the community. The social and cultural situation of a community in a particular place can negatively influence the choice, acceptance and use of interventions in disease control. Many programs of disease control and eradication are unsuccessful because of these social and cultural barriers. Therefore, it is very necessary to understand the local knowledge of the community, including an understanding of the health-illness concept that they believe in. An understanding of this can help policy makers in designing a sustainable and more effective disease control programs [9]. The Tetun ethnic is one of native communities that inhabit territories from the central part of Timor island (in Belu and Malaka districts, Indonesia) to the east (in Republic Democratic de Timor Lester, RDTL). Tetun people are still using traditional medicines to date, and often running various traditional medication rituals [10]. Because of their long-time interaction with malaria, it should be assumed that they have developed their own local knowledge about malaria and methods to prevent and treat it. Therefore, this research was intended to study the local knowledge of the Tetun ethnic people regarding malaria and the methods they have developed for the prevention and treatment of this disease.
Introduction
Study Design
This study is a kind of research in the field of medical anthropology. This study was conducted as a qualitative exploratory research, with a field study as main technique, supported by a literature study.
Profile of Study Site and People
This research was conducted in Belu and Malaka Districts located in the central part of Timor island. These areas are located at 9°15’ S-9°34’ S and 124°40’ E-124°54’ E. Belu and Malaka are two of Indonesian territories that border directly with the Republic Democratic Timor Leste (RDTL). The topography of Belu Districts is mainly hilly, while Malaka is generally a stretch of flat land. Some areas of Malaka at the south part meet the rainy season twice in a year, while the areas of north part and also Belu areas are only have one rainy season. The main rainy season takes place between November-March due to wind that brings rain from the Indonesian Ocean. This rain occurs evenly in Malaka and Belu regions. The additional rainy season in April-June, which is limited in some areas of Malaka, is affected by wind from Australia that carries moisture from the Timor Sea. Based on the ethnolinguistics, there are four indigenous ethnic groups that live in Belu and Malaka Districts, namely Tetun, Dawan, Kemak, and Bunaq (Marae). Tetun ethnic is the majority ethnic group in Belu and Malaka, consists of approximately 80% of the population. They scaterred in almost all sub-districts of Belu and Malaka [11].
The Informants
The informants of this study were people of Tetun ethnic who have lived for long time in Belu or Malaka Districts. They were people with good knowledge and experiences of traditional medicine practices. The informants were selected through the purpossive and snowball tehniques. A total of 94 informants (42 men and 52 women) with the age of 40-90 years old were involved in this study. They came from 15 vilages of five sub-districts in Malaka (Wewiku, Malaka Barat, Weliman, Malaka Tengah and Kobalima Timur Subdistricts), and 14 vilages of ten sub-districts in Belu (Raimanuk, Tasifeto Barat, Nanaet Duabesi, Tasifeto Timur, Lasiolat, Raihat, Lamaknen, Kakuluk Mesak, Atambua Barat and Atambua Selatan Sub-districts). These informants consist of traditional public healers, home healers, and traditional medicine users.
Data Collection
Data were collected through several interviews, discussions, and observation. Interviews were conducted with a semi-structured questionnaire. Interviews were intended to collect informations about local knowledge on health-illness concept, symptoms, signs and causes of malaria, traditional methods for the prevention and treatment of malaria, and medicinal plants used for the prevention and treatment of malaria. More deep questions were developed spontaneously based on the answers given by the informants to the previous questions. Interviews and discussions were conducted in Tetun (local language) and Indonesian. We recorded the contents of every interview by wrote a detailed essence of the conversation, but not fully word by word. Several interviews were recorded with audio and video recorder. In this field study, we were assisted by several local guides to search for informants, accompanied in the interviews, to interpreted specific local terms that strange for us, and help us to search, document and collect plant specimens. All plants mentioned by informants were collected in-situ and documented by making photographs and herbaria for taxonomic identification. This field study was conducted from April 2017 to December 2017.
Data Analysis
Data obtained from interviews, discussions and observations were analyzed qualitatively, and presented in narrative or qualitative descriptions [12]. The steps of qualitative analysis are as follows:
a) Transcription of data: first of all, the interview data, discussions and field observation records were well-transcribed in a neat text.
b) Data reduction: transcripts were analyzed to marked meaningful parts, and then grouped based on the same characteristics into certain categories, i.e. the local knowledge about health-illness, local concepts about malaria, methods for the prevention and treatment of malaria, and plants used for the prevention and treatment of malaria.
c) Presentation of data: data that has been grouped were arranged regularly according to each category to make them easy to understand. Data of plants used in malaria prevention and treatment were presented in a table.
d) Verification and conclusion: determined the meaning of the data presented.
Results and Discussion
Local Concepts about Health-Illness
The concept of health and illness in Tetun community is very simple. Tetun people define health as a condition of normal, good and not sick. Illness is interpreted as a condition in which someone feels unwell or sick or has a disease in the body. Tetun traditional people state a condition as health or ill by seeing physical signs. A person is said to be health if he/she looks physically strong, fresh, agile, has a bright face and good appetite; and vice versa, if the physical performance seems weak, lethargic, pale face, lack of appetite, then the person is said to be sick or has an illness in the body. Someone is said to have recovered from illness when showing physical signs such as being able to get up, not feel dizzy anymore, being able to walk quickly and to work again, and his/her appetite is back and improved. The concept of Tetun people about health and illness is also associated with the ability to carry out daily life activities. Someone who is still able to work or move without feeling bad or pain in his body, then that person is not said to be sick. People who are clinically suffering from a certain disease but not feel sick and still able to carry out daily activities without being disturbed by the disease, then that person is not considered sick. WHO and Indonesian Ministry of Health define health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity [13]. Comparing the concept of health according to Tetun people’s understanding with this official definition, it can be concluded that the concept of health of Tetun ethnic people is inadequate to describes whole condition called health, because for this community, health and illness are more related to physical performance than psychological and social performance.
Local Concept about Symptoms and Signs, and Causes of Malaria
The indigenous people of Tetun know malaria as is in mana’s (hot body, fever) with primary signs and symptoms are high fever, shivering, intermittent fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, pale, yellow eyes, and abdominal pain and/or diarrhea. Many informants did not know that swollen spleen (splenomegaly) is also one of the signs of malaria that is already severe, but they assumed that the swollen spleen can cause fever (they say “malaria”). In general, almost all the informants assumed that malaria is a common, mild and not serious disease, only a sick of hot body or fever. This local concept seems to greatly influences people’s perceptions of the danger of malaria and result in reduction of their alertness on malaria and the seriousness of managing this disease. In the local knowledge of Tetun ethnic people, the causes of malaria are: sweet food and drink, chilled, sunburn, fatigue, presence of other disease in the body, magic, cold food and drink, lack of sleep, inadequate post-natal care, spicy food, alcohol, and oily or fatty food. Tetun ethnic people assumed that sweet food and drink, sunburn, magic, spicy food, alcohol, and oily or fatty food cause an excessive heat in the body, and as a result, someone will get high fever malaria. Chilled, cold food and drink, lack of sleep is assumed to cause cold entering the body, and as the result, someone will get shivering malaria. The fatigue, presence of other disease in the body and inadequate post-natal care for mother and infant are assumed to destroy the equilibrium of hot and cold in the body and result in malaria with high fever and/or shivering. According to some informants, mosquito as malaria transmitter was a new knowledge that coming from outside, introduced by the Catholic missionaries from Europe. According to Foster dichotomous on causes of disease [14], the causes of malaria in the local concept of Tetun people are naturalistic, not personalistic. Factors such as sweet foods or drinks, long time in rain, water or cold places, long working under the hot sun, fatigue and the presence of other diseases in the body are naturalistic properties that cause heat-cold balance in the human body to be disrupted, and then causes someone to get malaria. Many Tetun people do not consider mosquito as carrier of malaria, causing them to have low awareness of the threat of mosquitoes. This may be one of the causes of the still high endemic of malaria in Belu and Malaka until this time [15].
Methods for The Prevention and Treatment of Malaria
The Tetun ethnic people have their own patterns or habits of life that they do for generations to prevent malaria attacks. The methods that are considered effective in preventing attacks of malaria are: luli or hale’u, drink medicinal concoction of bitter herbs, eat bitter food, and drink tua moruk. Luli or hale’u means avoiding things that can cause malaria (according to their local concepts about the cause of malaria), which are: not eating sweets frequently, not working for long time under the rain or hot sun, and not too tired at work or physical activities. Eating bitter foods, especially papaya and bitter melon, and drinking bitter palm sap tua moruk are also considered effective to prevent someone from being attacked by malaria. Some informants who previously linked malaria with mosquitoes stated that repelling mosquitoes using smoke of burned aromatic plants and sleeping under mosquito nets are effective for malaria prevention. The treatment of malaria in traditional medicine of Tetun ethnic consists of herbal and non-herbal methods. Herbal method consists of drinking herbal concoction, inhaling the vapor of boiled medicinal plant, massage with paste of medicinal plant, bath with water of boiled medicinal plant, and attach the paste of medicinal plant as a cataplasm on the swollen spleen. A non-herbal method is sunu kok, that is burning the waist above the swollen spleen using a piece of coconut shell coal or a heated metal. The results of the interviews showed that most traditional medication for malarial patient usually combine two or more methods. It was found also that the role of traditional healer in the treatment of malaria patient is not so important. Tetun ethnic people assumed that malaria is a common and not a serious disease, thus the treatment of malaria does not require a high competency healer. Several informants stated that they usually conducted self- and home-medication for malaria complaint. In the traditional medicine of Tetun ethnic people, the treatment of malaria is a simple treatment for reducing heat or fever [15]. The assumption of malaria as a common, mild and not a serious disease results in lack of awareness about dangers of malaria. It was found that in many cases, health workers often complain of disobedience of patients who stop taking antimalarial drugs immediately after they feel cured (being able to get up, not feel dizzy anymore, being able to work again, and the appetite is improved), even though Plasmodium in their blood has not been completely eliminated. As the result, the success of the malaria eradication program in this area has increased very slowly [8].
Plants Used for The Prevention of Malaria
Tetun ethnic people believe that consumption of bitter food or drink can prevent someone from malaria attacks. Therefore, small children are often forced by their parents to eat stew and drink decoctions of flowers, leaves and young fruit of Carica papaya, or young fruit of Momordica sp. (M. charantia or M. balsamina). Some informants gave information that if they feel tired, achy and lack of appetite, they will drink decoction of Carica papaya leaves, fruit of Momordica charantia, Melia azadarach leaves, Alstonia scholaris, Alstonia spectabilis or Strychnos ligustrina stem bark. Consumption of these plants’ decoction is believed to restoring body freshness, increasing appetite, eliminating fatigue, and thus, preventing from malaria attack. Some informants also believed that drinking tua moruk is effective in malaria preventon. Tua moruk is a traditional drink made by fresh tapped palm sap soaked with the stem bark of Alstonia scholaris, Alstonia spectabilis or Strychnos ligustrina soaked in it. Several publications of other previous studies showed that the bitter plants used by Tetun people to prevent malaria has been shown to have pharmacological activities as antiplasmodium and immunostimulant [16-18].
Plants Used for The Treatment of Malaria
In this study, we recorded a total of 96 species from 39 families used by Tetun people in various formula for drink, massage, bath, inhalation and cataplasm (Table 1). Strychnos ligustrina, Carica papaya, Cleome rutidosperma, Physalis angulata, Alstonia spectabilis, Alstonia scholaris and Melia azedarach are some of the most widely plants used in various formula for drink. For massage, Garuga floribunda, Jatropha curcas, Acorus calamus, Allium cepa, Drynaria quercifolia, Ocimum sp. and Ruta graveolens are common. For bathing, people use Tamarindus indica, Psidium guajava, Melicope latifolia and Blumea balsamifera. Leaves of Brucea javanica, Annona muricata and Annona reticulata are used in inhalation method. Root of Moringa oleifera and leaves of Ficus hispida are used as cataplasm to reduce the swollen spleen [19]. Several plants were found in various formula for more than one mode of application. Several previous publications showed that most of these plants are also used in other traditional medicine for the same purpose in many areas of Indonesia and the world [16,18], and have been scientifically proven to have pharmacological activities as true antimalarial (antiplasmodial) and/or indirect antimalarial such as antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant [20].
Table 1: Plants used by Tetum ethnic people for the treatment of malaria.
Conclusion
The practice of preventing and treating malaria in the traditional medicine of Tetun ethnic people is a direct implementation of their local knowledge about malaria. The local concept of signs and symptoms and the causes of malaria encourage traditional people to create methods to prevent and treat malaria. The local concept of the Tetun ethnic people about malaria is the main reference in the creation of rules regarding prohibitions and restrictions, and recommendations for preventing attacks of malaria. The local concept of the causes of malaria determines the choice of plants for the treatment of malaria. Scientifically, these plants have been proven to have activities as true antimalarial and indirect antimalarial. The local concept of malaria as a common, mild and harmless disease causes that the role of traditional healer is not always needed in the treatment of malaria. Methods for the prevention and treatment of malaria developed by Tetun ethnic people consist of both herbal and non-herbal methods and supported by the implementation of several prohibitions and restrictions to provide healing for the sufferers of malaria.
Acknowledgement
We thank to Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, for financial support (Research Contract No. 0668/K8/KM/2018).
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Technology to liberate events from Facebook monopoly
New Post has been published on https://www.aneddoticamagazine.com/technology-to-liberate-events-from-facebook-monopoly/
Technology to liberate events from Facebook monopoly

Saturday 11th of June, Berlin, c-base, 6 hours HACKATHON — not just for hackers.
youtube
Regaining control of our events with Mobilize.Berlin
Who are we?
We are a small but dedicated group of Berlin-based hackers & Free Software advocates, artists, journalists, creators, and so on. We want to support the music, club and party scene by providing a privacy-friendly event-management platform run and managed by our own community.
One year ago we launched Mobilize Berlin, a community-driven platform to publish events based on the Free Software Mobilizon and part of the Fediverse*.
What is the problem?
Although many event managers support Mobilize Berlin and would love to stop using corporate data-mining services like FaceBook Events, they also want to promote their events to as many possible concert and party-goers as possible. At the moment, this means promoting their events on multiple platforms at the same time.
What is the hackathon about?
First of all, the hackathon is a great opportunity to get to know each other. And become a community.
We are happy to invite you to join our Hackathon to improve two Free Software tools for event publishers to manage their events across platforms, including Mobilize.Berlin.
Mobilizon-reshare allows organizers to share events from Mobilizon on a broad selection of platforms (Facebook, Mastodon, Twitter, Telegram, Zulip), enabling automation of social media strategies and offering the possibility for people to attend an event without being forced to use a platform like Facebook (network effect).
https://write.as/simone-robutti/supercharge-your-events-using-mobilizon-and-mobilizon-reshare
https://github.com/Tech-Workers-Coalition-Italia/mobilizon-reshare
Libre Events is a browser extension to scrape (collect) events from Facebook and repost them on Mobilize.Berlin and other Fediverse platforms. The goal of this tool is to help Mobilize.Berlin reach a critical mass of events to attract users and “liberate” events from corporate data-mining services like Facebook Events, Meet-up etc. https://libre.events/
Who is invited to attend?
Everyone!
geeks and developers interested in further developing the tools. Be it through feedback or through coding. Experience with APIs, NodeJs or Python might be useful, but is by no means necessary.
event organizers who are used to create events, can share their experience and needs with social media
What can you expect?
For event publisher, there will be the opportunity to tell something about their workflows and their needs.
For people who like to get to have a look at the code, there will be sessions presenting the work that has already been done and possible directions of further development.
You can learn more about Mobilize.Berlin from our 20-minute presentation at CCC in 2020:
https://media.ccc.de/v/r3c-oio-241-berlin-let-s-take-back-control-of-our-events-#t=0
We are also featured in the 2021 Arte documentary “DISAPPEAR- cover your online tracks”, which can be viewed with subtitles in 6 languages: DE, EN, FR, IT, POL, SP.
https://www.arte.tv/en/videos/100750-000-F/disappear/
MOBILIZON RESHARE
A tool to broadcast Mobilizon events on social media platforms
MOBILIZE.BERLIN
Check out a use case. Your can be the next!
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